Endoscopy is a method of examining some internal organs with the help of an endoscope. In endoscopy, endoscopes are inserted into the cavity through natural pathways, for example, into the stomach through the mouth and esophagus, into the bronchi and lungs through the larynx, into the bladder through the urethra, and through punctures or operative accesses (laparoscopy, etc.).
The endoscope (Greek éndon, inside + scopéō, see) is a group of optical instruments for various purposes. There are medical and technical endoscopes. Technical endoscopes (borescopes) are used to inspect hard-to-reach cavities of machines and equipment for maintenance and evaluation of serviceability (turbine blades, cylinders of internal combustion engines, evaluation of the condition of pipelines, etc.), and technical endoscopes are used in security systems for inspection of hidden cavities including for inspection of gasoline tanks at customs). Technical endoscopes in the USSR were produced in Kharkov.